gpntbНаучные и технические библиотекиScientific and Technical Libraries1027-36892686-8601Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology10.33186/1027-3689-2022-11-135-152gpntb-1041Research ArticleЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ РЕСУРСЫDIGITAL INFORMATION RESOURCESБлокчейн-анализ рынка биткоинов. (Часть 3)Blockchain analysis of the Bitcoin market. (Part 3)МакаровИ.MakarovI.

Игорь Макаров  

Houghton Street Лондон WC2A 2AE

Igor Makarov 

Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE UK

i.makarov@lse.ac.ukШоарА.SchoarA.

Антуанетта Шоар 

100 Main Street, E62-638 Кембридж, Массачусетс 02142 и NBER

Antoinette Schoar

100 Main Street, E62-638 Cambridge, MA 02142 and NBER

aschoar@mit.eduЛондонская школа экономикиВеликобританияLondon School of EconomicsUnited KingdomШкола менеджмента MIT Sloan School of managementСоединённые Штаты АмерикиMIT Sloan School of ManagementUnited States202214122022011135174Copyright © Макаров И., Шоар А., 20222022Макаров И., Шоар А.Makarov I., Schoar A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ntb.gpntb.ru/jour/article/view/1041

В настоящей статье представлен подробный анализ сети Биткоин (Bitcoin) и её основных участников, проведённый авторитетными специалистами – Игорем Макаровым из Лондонской школы экономики и Антуанеттой Шоар из Массачусетского технологического института по поручению Национального бюро экономических исследований (NBER) – частной организации в США. Сеть Биткоин детерминируется как новая база данных, включающая большое количество общедоступных и проприетарных источников для связывания адресов биткоинов с реальными объектами и обширный набор алгоритмов для извлечения информации о поведении основных участников рынка. Анализ экосистемы Биткоин состоял из трёх основных этапов. Во-первых, проанализированы объём транзакций и сетевая структура основных участников блокчейна. Во-вторых, задокументированы концентрация и региональный состав майнеров, которые осуществляют проверку (верификацию) и обеспечивают целостность реестра блокчейна (гроссбуха, леджера). В-третьих, рассмотрена концентрация собственности крупнейших держателей биткоинов. Установлено, что владельцами трети всех выпущенных биткоинов являются 10 тыс. индивидуальных инвесторов. Делается вывод, что высокая концентрация делает рынок первой в мире криптовалюты уязвимым перед гипотетической атакой хакеров. Переводчик статьи отмечает, что переложение текста с английского языка [1] на русский было весьма затруднительным в связи с новизной финансовой тематики и широким использованием его авторами распространённого на Западе, однако нового для нас термина entity (сущность). Несмотря на данный факт, представляется необходимым ознакомить читателей с технологией биткоинов, что будет иметь практическую пользу для библиотечно-информационного сообщества.

The detailed analysis of the Bitcoin network and its main participants. The expert authors (Igor Makarov, London School of Economics, Antoinette Schoar, MIT Sloan School of Management) completed the study authorized by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), the US-based private agency. The Bitcoin network is defined as a new database comprising many of public and proprietary sources to link bitcoin address to real object, and an extensive set of algorithms to extract information on market key players behavior. Three major pieces of analysis of the Bitcoin eco-system were conducted. First, the authors analyze the transaction volume and network structure of the main participants on the blockchain. Second, they document the concentration and regional composition of the miners which are the backbone of the verification protocol and ensure the integrity of the blockchain ledger. Finally, they analyze the ownership concentration of the largest holders of Bitcoin. The researchers found that 1/3 of all bitcoins issued were owned by 10,000 individual investors. They conclude that the high concentration makes the first cryptocurrency market vulnerable to hypothetical hacker attack. The translator notes that paraphrasing English text in Russian was rather challenging due to the newness of the financial agenda and introduction of the term entity extensively used in the Western countries though new to Russia. Nevertheless, it is necessary to introduce readers to the bitcoin technology which will be also practical and useful for the library and information community.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.