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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gpntb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научные и технические библиотеки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Libraries</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-3689</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8601</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33186/1027-3689-2025-5-58-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gpntb-1520</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIGITAL INFORMATION RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кластерный подход к формированию наборов патентных данных и оценивание качества поиска «уровня техники»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The cluster approach to acquiring patent datasets and assessing the quality of “prior art search”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбунов Александр Владимирович – начальник Центра развития научного направления «Искусственый интеллект»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Gorbunov – Head, National Center for Artificial Intelligence</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorbunov@rupto.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный институт промышленной собственности</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Institute of Industrial Property</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбунов А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбунов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbunov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntb.gpntb.ru/jour/article/view/1520">https://ntb.gpntb.ru/jour/article/view/1520</self-uri><abstract><p>По мере расширения мирового патентного фонда возрастает и сложность поиска уже опубликованных патентных документов для оценки новизны технических решений – так называемого извлечения «релевантного уровня техники», «предшествующего уровня техники» или «уровня техники» из общедоступных патентных данных. Поиск такой информации связан со значительными трудностями, обусловленными её объёмом и сложностью. Результаты ряда исследований свидетельствуют о растущем масштабе использования машинной обработки естественного языка (NLP) для повышения точности и комплексности патентного поиска. Несмотря на достигнутые успехи, до сих пор не представлено системы автоматического патентного поиска, способной демонстрировать приемлемые точность и полноту. Автор статьи считает, что развитие новых, эффективных подходов к построению таких систем существенно ограничивается недостатком подготовленных наборов данных для обучения и тестирования. Автоматизированное создание наборов данных произвольной конфигурации – с учётом различных критериев отбора (документы одного или нескольких патентных ведомств; все опубликованные документы за ограниченный период времени; виды документов; классы патентной классификации и т. д.) – позволит снять ограничения и создавать наборы данных, соответствующие потребностям и целям разработчиков систем автоматического патентного поиска. В статье предложены новые подходы как к созданию наборов данных для обучения и тестирования систем автоматического патентного поиска уровня техники, так и к оценке эффективности созданных систем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>As the global patent collection is widening, the complexity of patent documents search for assessing technique novelty, i. e. revealing the relevant art or prior art from public patent data, is increasing, too. Searching for this information, vast and complex, is challenging. Research findings evidence on the increasing scale of NLP use for more accurate and integrated patent search. Despite many achievements, the automated patent search system for appropriate accuracy and completeness has not been introduced. The author argues that development of new effective approaches to designing these systems is significantly limited due to the lack of the datasets ready for educating and testing. The automated acquisition of datasets of arbitrary configuration (with consideration for various selection criteria, i. e. documents by patent agency/agencies; all published documents for a limited period of time: document types; patent classification classes, etc.) would enable to eliminate limitations and build the datasets meeting the needs and goals set up by the systems designers. The author proposes new approaches to dataset acquisition, testing of automated art patent search systems, and assessment of these systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>патентный поиск</kwd><kwd>поиск по известному уровню техники</kwd><kwd>наборы данных</kwd><kwd>патентная коллекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>patent search</kwd><kwd>prior art search</kwd><kwd>dataset. patent collection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">автор выражает благодарность доктору педагогических наук, профессору Н. В. Лопатиной, доктору экономических наук О. П. Неретину, кандидату технических наук Б. Л. Генину за неоценимую методологическую помощь в подготовке статьи; Д. С. Золкину, С. В. Сапожникову, И. В. Некрасову за разработку программ и подготовку наборов данных.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author extends his thanks to Prof. N. V. Lopatina, Dr. Sc in Pedagogy, O. Р. Neretin, Dr. Sc. in Economics, B. L. 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