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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gpntb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научные и технические библиотеки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Libraries</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-3689</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8601</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33186/1027-3689-2025-10-102-128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gpntb-1609</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ БИБЛИОТЕЧНОГО ДЕЛА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CURRENT STATE AND STRATEGIES FOR LIBRARIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор законодательства о научной (научно-технической) экспертизе в странах – лидерах в научно-технической сфере</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Review of scientific (engineering) expertise legislation in the countries leading in sci-tech sphere</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6609-3340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильина Ирина Евгеньевна – доктор экон. наук, доцент, директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina E. Ilyina – Dr. Sc. (Economics), Associate Professor, Director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilina@riep.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5744-8127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костина Ольга Владимировна – лаборант-исследователь сектора интеллектуальных прав в сфере науки и инноваций Центра правовых исследований</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Kostina – Researcher Assistant, Intellectual Rights in Science and Innovations Sector Center for Legal Studies</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.kostina@riep.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-0343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дашкова</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dashkova</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дашкова Мария Олеговна – научный сотрудник Сектора интеллектуальных прав в сфере науки и инноваций Центра правовых исследований</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria O. Dashkova – Researcher, Intellectual Rights in Science and Innovations Sector Center for Legal Studies</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">3m.dashkova@riep.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский институт экономики, политики и права в научно-технической сфере</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Economics, Politics and Law in Science and Technology (RIEPL)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ильина И.Е., Костина О.В., Дашкова М.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ильина И.Е., Костина О.В., Дашкова М.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ilyina I.E., Kostina O.V., Dashkova M.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntb.gpntb.ru/jour/article/view/1609">https://ntb.gpntb.ru/jour/article/view/1609</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящем исследовании проанализировано нормативное регулирование научной (научно-технической) экспертизы в ряде зарубежных стран с целью выявления общих подходов и особенностей правового регулирования системы научной (научно-технической) экспертизы. В работе были использованы общенаучный, формально-юридический, сравнительно-правовой и системно-структурный методы исследования. Проанализированы нормативные правовые акты Китая, США, Великобритании, Германии, Индии и Японии, отобранных из числа лидеров в рейтинге стран по общему числу статей в изданиях, индексируемых в международных базах данных, а также в рейтингах по общему числу поданных заявок и выданных патентов на изобретения по офису страны. Общими чертами регулирования научных экспертиз в рассмотренных странах представляется отсутствие особого порядка проведения научной экспертизы, а также наличие свободы для частных (негосударственных) лиц в установлении правил проведения экспертизы в случае, если объекты экспертизы не связаны с расходованием государственных денежных средств. Рассмотренные страны по их отношению к необходимости государственного регулирования экспертной деятельности и степени такого регулирования могут быть условно разделены на две группы. При разработке отечественного законодательного акта федерального уровня представляется целесообразным учесть опыт второй группы стран в рассматриваемой сфере. Статья подготовлена по результатам работы в рамках государственного задания РИЭПП на 2023 г. от 29.12.2022 № 075-01594-23-00 (проект «Научно-методическое и информационно-аналитическое сопровождение вопросов совершенствования законодательства в части установления критериев и по  рядка проведения государственной научной (научно-технической) экспертизы, в части оценки результативности и эффективности расходования бюджетных средств, направляемых на государственную поддержку научных исследований и разработок гражданского назначения, в части планирования и оценки необходимости проведения закупок научно-исследовательских, опытно-конструкторских и технологических работ гражданского назначения для государственных нужд, в части иных вопросов регулирования научно-технической сферы»).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors analyze the standards and regulations for scientific (engineering) expertise in several foreign countries to identify common approaches and characteristics. The general scientific, legalistic and structured system research methods are applied. The legal acts of China, USA, Great Britain, Germany, India and Japan are selected from the ranking as the leaders in the number of articles in periodicals indexed in the global databases, and number of patent applications and patents for inventions granted by the countries’ patent offices. Among the common features of the expertise regulations in these countries are: lack of special procedures for scientific expertise, freedom for private (nongovernmental) entities to establish expertise rules when the expertise subjects are not funded through the state budget. The authors divide the countries under the study in respect of the mandatory expertise state regulation and level of regulation into two groups. The experience of the latter may bу addressed when developing the national federal law in the sphere of scientific (engineering) expertise. The article is prepared on the basis of the Government Order to Russian Research Institute of Economics, Politics and Law in Science and Technology (RIEPL) for 2023 of December 29, 2022, No. 075-01594-23-00 (Project «Research. Methodological, information and analytical support to upgrade legislation relating to establishment of criteria and procedures of state scientific (engineering)expertise in part of evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency of the budget allotted by the government to fund scientific research and civil R&amp;D projects in part of planning and assessment of the procurement needs for the studies, research and development and process operations of civilian designation for public purposes, in part of miscellaneous tasks in sci-tech sphere regulation”).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>научная экспертиза</kwd><kwd>научно-техническая экспертиза</kwd><kwd>иностранное законодательство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scientific expertise</kwd><kwd>engineering expertise</kwd><kwd>foreign legislation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перечень поручений Президента Российской Федерации от 18.04.2021 № Пр-632 // Официальный интернет-ресурс Президента Российской Федерации. 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