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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gpntb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научные и технические библиотеки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Libraries</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-3689</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8601</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33186/1027-3689-2019-2-85-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gpntb-402</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ОБЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEMS OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Заявление ИФЛА по сетевому нейтралитету и нулевому рейтингу»: за кулисами проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IFLA Statement on Net Neutrality and Zero-rating: At the backstage of the problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савицкая</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savitskaya</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana Savitskaya, Leading Researcher, Center for Library Development Studies</p><p>3/5, Vozdvizhenka st., office 307, 119019 Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eneklessa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российская государственная библиотека<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State Library<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Савицкая Т.Е., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савицкая Т.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savitskaya T.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntb.gpntb.ru/jour/article/view/402">https://ntb.gpntb.ru/jour/article/view/402</self-uri><abstract><p>Проанализировано «Заявление ИФЛА по сетевому нейтралитету и нулевому рейтингу», принятое 15 авг.2016 г. на Всемирном библиотечном и информационном конгрессе – 82-й генеральной конференции ИФЛА (13–19 авг.2016 г., шт. Огайо, Колумбус, США), его значение для международного библиотечного сообщества, а также социально-экономический и культурный контекст, обусловивший его принятие. Выступив в защиту сетевого нейтралитета и против практики нулевого рейтинга, ИФЛА обозначила зону латентного на тот период конфликта коммерческих интересов интернет-провайдеров и правил равного доступа пользователей ко всем видам контента без ограничения скорости и дополнительной платы. Конфликт этот годом позже, в 2017 г., стал достоянием общественности в период активной борьбы против отмены принципа сетевого нейтралитета в США.</p><p>Отмечено, что рыночная тарификация трафика, зелёный свет которой был дан в результате отмены сетевого нейтралитета в США 14 дек.2017 г. Федеральной комиссией по коммуникациям, особенно чувствительна для библиотек с ограниченным финансированием, неспособных оплатить высокоскоростной интернет. Помимо платного доступа к широкополосному интернету очевидную опасность для библиотек представляет практика нулевого рейтинга, предоставление бесплатного и безлимитного трафика в рамках популярных социальных сетей или пакетных тарифных планов от крупных корпораций, что ведёт к монополизации информационного рынка крупнейшими IT-корпорациями и дальнейшей маргинализации библиотек.</p><p>Как естественные противники прогрессирующей монетизации сети библиотеки выступают за трактовку интернета как коммунальной службы, общедоступного общественного ресурса с прозрачным и стабильным тарифом, законодательно ограждённого от попыток провайдеров получить сверхприбыль.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the IFLA Statement on Network Neutrality and Zero-rating adopted on August 15, 2016 at the meeting of the World Library and Information Congress of the 82nd IFLA Conference inColumbus,USA, its importance for the international library community, as well as the socio-economic and cultural context, which was due to its adoption. Speaking in defense of network neutrality and against the practice of the zero-rating, IFLA designated a zone of latent for that period conflict of commercial interests of Internet providers and rules of equal access of the user to all types of content without speed and additional fee. Conflict this year later, in 2017, became public in the period of active struggle against the abolition of the principle of network neutrality in theUnited States.</p><p>The market rate of traffic, the green light of which was opened as a result of the cancellation of network neutrality in theUnited Stateson December 14, 2017 by the Federal Communications Commission, is particularly sensitive for libraries with limited funding, unable to pay for high-speed Internet. In addition to paid access to broadband Internet, the obvious danger for libraries is the practice of zero rating, providing free and unlimited traffic in the framework of popular social networks or package tariff plans from large corporations, which leads to the monopolization of the information market by the largest IT corporations and the further marginalization of libraries.</p><p>The displacement of cultural and educational institutions as a non-profitable sector on the roadside negatively affects libraries as providers of access and as creators of Internet content; strikes both on the acquisition of funds, and on the maintenance of readers of high-quality noncommercial information. As natural opponents of progressing monetization, the Library's networks favor the interpretation of the Internet as a public service, a publicly available public resource with a transparent and stable tariff, legislatively protected from attempts by providers to receive super-profits.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сетевой нейтралитет</kwd><kwd>нулевой рейтинг</kwd><kwd>интернет-провайдер</kwd><kwd>контент</kwd><kwd>библиотечное сообщество</kwd><kwd>равный доступ</kwd><kwd>телекоммуникационные услуги</kwd><kwd>IT-рынок</kwd><kwd>монетизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>network neutrality</kwd><kwd>zero-rating</kwd><kwd>Internet provider</kwd><kwd>content</kwd><kwd>library community</kwd><kwd>equal access</kwd><kwd>telecommunication services</kwd><kwd>IT market</kwd><kwd>monetization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заявление ИФЛА по сетевому нейтралитету и нулевому рейтингу [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/hg/news/documents/ifla-statement-on-netneutrality-and-zero-rating-ru.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zayavlenie IFLA po setevomu neytralitetu i nulevomu reytingu [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Mode of access: https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/hg/news/documents/ifla-statement-on-netneutrality-and-zero-rating-ru.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Network Neutrality [Электронный ресурс]. – ALA, American Library Association. – URL: www.ala.org/advocacy/telecom/neutrality</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Network Neutrality [Электронный ресурс]. – ALA, American Library Association. – URL: www.ala.org/advocacy/telecom/neutrality</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Why Portland Public Library supports Net Neutrality [Электронный ресурс]. – Portland Public Library. – 2017. – URL: http://www.portland.library.com/life-jf-the-library/61588 (дата обращения: 19.02.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Why Portland Public Library supports Net Neutrality [Электронный ресурс]. – Portland Public Library. – 2017. – URL: http://www.portland.library.com/life-jf-the-library/61588</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларсон К. 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