gpntbНаучные и технические библиотекиScientific and Technical Libraries1027-36892686-8601Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology10.33186/1027-3689-2019-10-40-55gpntb-491Research ArticleПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ОБЩЕСТВАPROBLEMS OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETYФеномен научной мобильности в информетрических исследованияхThe phenomenon of scientific mobility in informetric studiesГуреевВ. Н.GureevV. N.

Vadim Gureev, Cand. Sc. (Pedagogy), Senior Researcher, Information and Analytical Center, A. A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Scientometries, State Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch

3, acad. Koptyg pr., 630200 Novosibirsk, Russia

 

GureyevVN@ipgg.sbras.ruМазовН. А.MazovN. A.

Nikolay Mazov, Cand. Sc. (Technology), Leading Researcher; Head, Information and Analytical Center, A. A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Scientometries, State Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch

3, acad. Koptyg pr., 630200 Novosibirsk, Russia

MazovNA@ipgg.sbras.ruГуськовА. Е.GuskovA. Е.

Andrey Guskov, Cand. Sc. (Technology), Director, State Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch

15, Voskhod st., 630200 Novosibirsk, Russia

guskov@spsl.nsc.ruИнститут нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А. А. Трофимука СО РАН; ГПНТБ СО РАНРоссияA. A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch; State Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian BranchRussian FederationГПНТБ СО РАНРоссияState Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian BranchRussian Federation2019041020190104055Copyright © Гуреев В.Н., Мазов Н.А., Гуськов А.Е., 20192019Гуреев В.Н., Мазов Н.А., Гуськов А.Е.Gureev V.N., Mazov N.A., Guskov A.Е.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ntb.gpntb.ru/jour/article/view/491

В последние годы феномен мобильности учёных привлекает значительное внимание исследователей в различных областях знаний, что вызвано возросшими потоками научной миграции, процессами глобализации, затронувшими в том числе научные исследования, а также увеличением числа междисциплинарных и политематических работ. В статье рассмотрены основные этапы мобильности учёных в XX–XXI вв., тесным образом связанные с различными типами мобильности, включая утечку, приток и циркуляцию умов, а также новые типы сетевой и синхронной мобильности. Дана типология основных сформировавшихся на сегодняшний день подходов к изучению мобильности учёных. Отдельное внимание уделено исследованиям мобильности учёных, включая мотивацию при отъезде и возвращении, влияние мобильности на публикационную активность и потоки научной миграции, связь мобильности с развитием научных коллабораций, разработку методов исследования мобильности учёных. Выявлено, что наиболее часто используемые подходы при изучении мобильности учёных – это анализ анкет научных сотрудников, интервьюирование и наукометрические методы. Вкратце рассмотрены нерешённые проблемы в изучении научной мобильности. Сделан вывод о том, что детальное исследование академической мобильности позволяет сформировать реальную картину кадрового потенциала страны.

In the last few years, scientific mobility phenomenon has attracted greater attention of some researchers working in different subject areas due to the increased significance of migration of scientists in the new context of computerization, globalization of science, and an increase in the number of cross- and multidisciplinary studies. This paper briefly describes the main stages of scientific mobility in the 20th and 21st centuries closely related to different types of mobility including the concepts of brain drain and brain gain, brain circulation, and new types of brain networking and synchronous mobility. We also summarized and typed the main approaches developed by researchers when studying scientific mobility. Particular focus was on the subject for studies on mobility with main clusters covering motivations and driving forces, the impact of mobility on research output, pathways of research migration, connections between scientific mobility and research collaborations, and development of approaches to study scientific mobility. It was revealed that most common methods include analysis of curriculum vitae, interviewing and questionnaire surveys, and scientometric methods. Finally, we addressed currently unsolved problems when studying scientific mobility.

академическая мобильностьнаучные коллаборацииутечка умовприток умовнаукометрияacademic mobilityresearch networksbrain drainbrain gainscientometricsИсследование выполнено по программе ФНИ IX.128.1 при частичной финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта 18-011-00797..ReferencesJöns H. Transnational mobility and the spaces of knowledge production: A comparison of global patterns, motivations and collaborations in different academic fields // Social geography. – 2007. – V. 2. – № 2. – P. 97–114. – URL: http://doi.org/10.5194/sg-2-97-2007.Jöns H. Transnational mobility and the spaces of knowledge production: A comparison of global patterns, motivations and collaborations in different academic fields // Social geography. – 2007. – V. 2. – № 2. – P. 97–114. – URL: http://doi.org/10.5194/sg-2-97-2007.De Filippo D., Casado E. S., Gómez I. Quantitative and qualitative approaches to the study of mobility and scientific performance: a case study of a Spanish university // Research evaluation. – 2009. – V. 18. – № 3. – P. 191–200. – URL: http://doi.org/10.3152/095820209X451032.De Filippo D., Casado E. S., Gómez I. Quantitative and qualitative approaches to the study of mobility and scientific performance: a case study of a Spanish university // Research evaluation. – 2009. – V. 18. – № 3. – P. 191–200. – URL: http://doi.org/10.3152/095820209X451032.Trippl M. Scientific mobility and knowledge transfer at the interregional and intraregional level // Regional studies. – 2013. – V. 47. – № 10. – P. 1653–1667. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1080/ 00343404.2010.549119.Trippl M. Scientific mobility and knowledge transfer at the interregional and intraregional level // Regional studies. – 2013. – V. 47. – № 10. – P. 1653–1667. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1080/ 00343404.2010.549119.Mahroum S. Scientists and global spaces // Technology in society. – 2000. – V. 22. – № 4. – P. 513–523. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-791X(00)00024-5.Mahroum S. Scientists and global spaces // Technology in society. – 2000. – V. 22. – № 4. – P. 513–523. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-791X(00)00024-5.Шматко Н. А., Волкова Г. Л. Мобильность и карьерные перспективы исследователей на рынке труда // Высш. образование в России. – 2017. – Т. 208. – № 1. – С. 35–46.Shmatko N. A., Volkova G. L. Mobility and career opportunities of researchers on the labor market // Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii [Higher education in Russia]. – 2017. – V. 208. – № 1. – P. 35–46.Franzoni C., Scellato G., Stephan P. Patterns of international mobility of researchers: evi- dence from the GlobSci survey / Book Patterns of international mobility of researchers: evidence from the GlobSci survey. – Brisbane, Australia, 2012. – 32 p.Franzoni C., Scellato G., Stephan P. Patterns of international mobility of researchers: evi- dence from the GlobSci survey / Book Patterns of international mobility of researchers: evidence from the GlobSci survey. – Brisbane, Australia, 2012. – 32 p.Franzoni C., Scellato G., Stephan P. Chapter 2 – International mobility of research scien- tists: lessons from GlobSci / Global mobility of research scientists. – San Diego: Academic Press, 2015. – P. 35–65. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801396-0.00002-8.Franzoni C., Scellato G., Stephan P. Chapter 2 – International mobility of research scien- tists: lessons from GlobSci / Global mobility of research scientists. – San Diego: Academic Press, 2015. – P. 35–65. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801396-0.00002-8.Scellato G., Franzoni C., Stephan P. Mobile scientists and international NBER Working Paper. – 2012. – № 18613. – 33 p. – URL: http://doi.org/10.3386/w18613.Scellato G., Franzoni C., Stephan P. Mobile scientists and international NBERGuskov A. E., Kosyakov D. V., Selivanova I. V. Boosting research productivity in top Rus-sian universities: the circumstances of breakthrough // Scientometrics. – 2018. – V. 117. – № 2. – P. 1053–1080. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2890-8.Working Paper. – 2012. – № 18613. – 33 p. – URL: http://doi.org/10.3386/w18613.Гуськов А. Е., Гуреев В. Н., Мазов Н. А. Академическая мобильность как объект наукометрических измерений // Материалы 22-й Междунар. конф. и выставки «Информационные технологии, компьютерные системы и издательская продукция для библиотек» «LIBCOM–2018» (26–30 ноября 2018 г., Суздаль). – Москва : ГПНТБ России, 2018. – С. 1–4.Guskov A. E., Kosyakov D. V., Selivanova I. V. Boosting research productivity in top Rus-sian universities: the circumstances of breakthrough // Scientometrics. – 2018. – V. 117. – № 2. – P. 1053–1080. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2890-8.Мазов Н. А., Гуреев В. Н. Библиометрическая оценка научной продуктивности университета (на примере геолого-геофизического факультета НГУ) // Высш. образование в России. – 2015. – № 11. – С. 18–27.Guskov A. E., Gureyev V. N., Mazov N. A. Academic mobility as a subject of scientometric research // Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference and Exhibition “Information Technologies, Computer Systems and Publications for Libraries” “LIBCOM-2018” (26–30 November 2018, Suzdal, Russia). – Moscow : NPLS&T Russia, 2018. – P. 1–4.Гуреев В. Н., Мазов Н. А., Ильичев А. А. Карьерный рост ученых и публикационная этика // Вестн. Рос. акад. наук. – 2019. – Т. 89. – № 3. – С. 270–278. – Режим доступа: http://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873893270-278.Mazov N. A., Gureyev V. N. Novosibirsk state university in the light of bibliometrics (as exem-plified by Geology and geophysics department) // Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii [Higher Education in Russia]. – 2015. – № 11. – P. 18–27.Meyer J.-B., Kaplan D., Charum J. Scientific nomadism and the new geopolitics of knowledge // International social science journal. – 2001. – V. 53. – № 168. – P. 309–321. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00317.Gureyev V. N., Mazov N. A., Ilyichev A. A. Career path of researchers in relation to publication ethics // Vestn. Rossijkoj akademii nauk. – 2019. – V. 89. – № 3. – P. 270–278. URL: http://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873893270-278.Morano-Foadi S. Scientific mobility, career progression, and excellence in the European Research Area // International migration. ‒ 2005. ‒ V. 43. ‒ № 5. ‒ P. 133–162. ‒ URL: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2005.00344.x.Meyer J.-B., Kaplan D., Charum J. Scientific nomadism and the new geopolitics of knowledge // International social science journal. – 2001. – V. 53. – № 168. – P. 309–321. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00317.Murakami Y. Influences of return migration on international collaborative research net-works: cases of Japanese scientists returning from the US // The journal of technology transfer. – 2014. – V. 39. – № 4. – P. 616–634. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-013-9316-9.Morano-Foadi S. Scientific mobility, career progression, and excellence in the European Research Area // International migration. ‒ 2005. ‒ V. 43. ‒ № 5. ‒ P. 133–162. ‒ URL: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2005.00344.x.Saxenian A. From brain drain to brain circulation: transnational communities and regional upgrading in India and China // Studies in comparative international development. – 2005. – V. 40. – № 2. – P. 35–61. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/bf02686293.Murakami Y. Influences of return migration on international collaborative research net-works: cases of Japanese scientists returning from the US // The journal of technology transfer. – 2014. – V. 39. – № 4. – P. 616–634. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-013-9316-9.Edler J., Fier H., Grimpe C. International scientist mobility and the locus of knowledge and technology transfer // Research policy. – 2011. – V. 40. – № 6. – P. 791–805. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.03.003.Saxenian A. From brain drain to brain circulation: transnational communities and regional upgrading in India and China // Studies in comparative international development. – 2005. – V. 40. – № 2. – P. 35–61. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/bf02686293.Ackers L. Moving people and knowledge: scientific mobility in the European Union // In-ternational migration. – 2005. – V. 43. – № 5. – P. 99–131. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2005.00343.x.Edler J., Fier H., Grimpe C. International scientist mobility and the locus of knowledge and technology transfer // Research policy. – 2011. – V. 40. – № 6. – P. 791–805. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.03.003.Hunter R. S., Oswald A. J., Charlton B. G. The elite brain drain // Economic journal. – 2009. – V. 119. – № 538. – P. F231–F251. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02274.x.Ackers L. Moving people and knowledge: scientific mobility in the European Union // In-ternational migration. – 2005. – V. 43. – № 5. – P. 99–131. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2005.00343.x.Ciumasu I.M. Turning brain drain into brain networking // Science and public policy. – 2010. – V. 37. – № 2. – P. 135–146. – URL: http://doi.org/10.3152/030234210X489572.Hunter R. S., Oswald A. J., Charlton B. G. The elite brain drain // Economic journal. – 2009. – V. 119. – № 538. – P. F231–F251. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02274.x.Bolli T., Schläpfer J. Job mobility, peer effects, and research productivity in economics // Scientometrics. – 2015. – V. 104. – № 3. – P. 629–650. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1625-3.Ciumasu I.M. Turning brain drain into brain networking // Science and public policy. – 2010. – V. 37. – № 2. – P. 135–146. – URL: http://doi.org/10.3152/030234210X489572.Aksnes D. W., Rørstad K., Piro F. N., Sivertsen G. Are mobile researchers more produc-tive and cited than non-mobile researchers? A large-scale study of norwegian scientists // Research Evaluation. – 2013. – V. 22. – № 4. – P. 215–223. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvt012.Bolli T., Schläpfer J. Job mobility, peer effects, and research productivity in economics // Scientometrics. – 2015. – V. 104. – № 3. – P. 629–650. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1625-3.Sivak E., Yudkevich M. University inbreeding: an impact on values, strategies and indi-vidual productivity of faculty members // SSRN. – 2012. – 18 p. – URL: http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1996417.Aksnes D. W., Rørstad K., Piro F. N., Sivertsen G. Are mobile researchers more produc-tive and cited than non-mobile researchers? A large-scale study of norwegian scientists // Research Evaluation. – 2013. – V. 22. – № 4. – P. 215–223. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvt012.Horta H. Deepening our understanding of academic inbreeding effects on research infor-mation exchange and scientific output: New insights for academic based research // Higher education. – 2013. – V. 65. – № 4. – P. 487–510. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-012-9559-7.Sivak E., Yudkevich M. University inbreeding: an impact on values, strategies and indi-vidual productivity of faculty members // SSRN. – 2012. – 18 p. – URL: http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1996417.Душина С. А., Ащеулова Н. А. Новые формы организации науки: роль мобильности // Социология науки и технологий. – 2011. – Т. 2. – № 2. – С. 69–81.Horta H. Deepening our understanding of academic inbreeding effects on research infor-mation exchange and scientific output: New insights for academic based research // Higher education. – 2013. – V. 65. – № 4. – P. 487–510. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-012-9559-7.Mokhnacheva Y. V., Beskaravainaya E. V., Kharybina T. N. The representation and pro-fessional success of scientific diasporas of the Pushchino Scientific Center abroad // Scientific and technical information processing. – 2016. – V. 43. – № 4. – P. 275–279. – URL: http://doi.org/10.3103/s0147688216040109.Dushina S. A., Asheulova N. A. New organizational forms of science in Russia: The role of mobility // Sociology of science and technology. – 2011. – V. 2. – № 2. – P. 69–81.Харыбина Т. Н., Бескаравайная Е. В., Мохначёва Ю. В. Анализ модели взаимо-действия с русскоязычной научной диаспорой за рубежом на примере ИБФМ РАН // Информ. и инновации. – 2018. – № 4. – С. 89–98. – Режим доступа: http://doi.org/10.31432/1994-2443-2018-13-4-89-98.Mokhnacheva Y. V., Beskaravainaya E. V., Kharybina T. N. The representation and pro-fessional success of scientific diasporas of the Pushchino Scientific Center abroad // Scientific and technical information processing. – 2016. – V. 43. – № 4. – P. 275–279. – URL: http://doi.org/ 10.3103/s0147688216040109.Inanc O., Tuncer O. The effect of academic inbreeding on scientific effectiveness // Scientometrics. – 2011. – V. 88. – № 3. – P. 885–898. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0415-9.Kharybina T. N., Beskaravainaya E. V., Mokhnacheva Yu. V. Analysis of the Model of an Interaction with the Russian-Speaking Scientic Diaspora Abroad by the Example of Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of RAS // Information and Innovations. – 2018. – № 4. – P. 89–98. URL: : http://doi.org/10.31432/1994-2443-2018-13-4-89-98.Cruz-Castro L., Sanz-Menéndez L. Mobility versus job stability: Assessing tenure and productivity outcomes // Research policy. – 2010. – V. 39. – № 1. – P. 27–38. – URL: http://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.respol.2009.11.008.Inanc O., Tuncer O. The effect of academic inbreeding on scientific effectiveness // Scientometrics. – 2011. – V. 88. – № 3. – P. 885–898. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0415-9.Horta H., Veloso F. M., Grediaga R. Navel gazing: academic inbreeding and scientific productivity // Management Science. – 2010. – V. 56. – № 3. – P. 414–429. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1090.1109.Cruz-Castro L., Sanz-Menéndez L. Mobility versus job stability: Assessing tenure and productivity outcomes // Research policy. – 2010. – V. 39. – № 1. – P. 27–38. – URL: http://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.respol.2009.11.008.Baruffaldi S. H., Landoni P. Mobility intentions of foreign researchers: the role of non-economic motivations // Industry and innovation. – 2016. – V. 23. – № 1. – P. 87–111. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2015.1126502.Horta H., Veloso F. M., Grediaga R. Navel gazing: academic inbreeding and scientific productivity // Management Science. – 2010. – V. 56. – № 3. – P. 414–429. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1090.1109.Ivancheva L., Gourova E. Challenges for career and mobility of researchers in Europe // Science and public policy. – 2011. – V. 38. – № 3. – P. 185–198. – URL: http://doi.org/10.3152/ 030234211X12834251302445.Baruffaldi S. H., Landoni P. Mobility intentions of foreign researchers: the role of non-economic motivations // Industry and innovation. – 2016. – V. 23. – № 1. – P. 87–111. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2015.1126502.Jöns H. Transnational academic mobility and gender // Globalisation, societies and educa-tion. – 2011. – V. 9. – № 2. – P. 183–209. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2011.577199.Ivancheva L., Gourova E. Challenges for career and mobility of researchers in Europe // Science and public policy. – 2011. – V. 38. – № 3. – P. 185–198. – URL: http://doi.org/10.3152/ 030234211X12834251302445.Barjak F., Robinson S. International collaboration, mobility and team diversity in the life sciences: Impact on research performance // Social geography. – 2008. – V. 3. – № 1. – P. 23–36. – URL: http://doi.org/10.5194/sg-3-23-2008.Jöns H. Transnational academic mobility and gender // Globalisation, societies and educa-tion. – 2011. – V. 9. – № 2. – P. 183–209. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2011.577199.Gargiulo F., Carletti T. Driving forces of researchers mobility // Scientific reports. – 2014. – V. 4. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1038/srep04860.Barjak F., Robinson S. International collaboration, mobility and team diversity in the life sciences: Impact on research performance // Social geography. – 2008. – V. 3. – № 1. – P. 23–36. – URL: http://doi.org/10.5194/sg-3-23-2008.Moed H. F., Aisati M. H., Plume A. Studying scientific migration in Scopus // Scientometrics. – 2013. – V. 94. – № 3. – P. 929–942. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-012-0783-9.Gargiulo F., Carletti T. Driving forces of researchers mobility // Scientific reports. – 2014. – V. 4. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1038/srep04860.Moed H. F., Aisati M. H., Plume A. Studying scientific migration in Scopus // Scientometrics. – 2013. – V. 94. – № 3. – P. 929–942. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-012-0783-9.Moed H. F., Aisati M. H., Plume A. Studying scientific migration in Scopus // Scientometrics. – 2013. – V. 94. – № 3. – P. 929–942. – URL: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-012-0783-9.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.