Copyright in respect of the works created through the generative artificial intelligence tools
https://doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2025-2-115-130
Abstract
In the recent years, since the introduction into the market of generative artificial development (AI) tools, the discussions of copyright as related to AIgenerated works have aroused more questions than answers. The creative activity, the humans’ exclusive province before, has been now changing. The problems of AI-generated works have become the concern of the creative industries, education, library acquisitions, etc. At the same time, the conflict has blazed up around using copyrighted works for educating AI systems. During the recent two years, in many countries the legislators have been striving to regularize the challenging area and to find solutions. The authors review the latest initiatives, recommendations, active lawsuits though the lens of AI users and developers and the copyright owners. Within the range of AI-related issues, the authors focus on the dual problem: on one hand, on how to deal with copyrighted works used as the source to train AI tools, and, on the other hand, on who owns the rights to the contents generated with these tools. The authors’ arguments and recommendations may be useful for elaborating the approach to defining of the status of AI-generated works in various areas, including librarianship.
Keywords
About the Authors
Y. L. ShraybergRussian Federation
Yakov L. Shrayberg – Dr. Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Corresponding Member;
Academic Director, Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology; Editorin-Chief, «Scientific and Technical Libraries» Journal; Head, Department for Electronic Libraries and Scientometric Studies
Moscow
K. Y. Volkova
Russian Federation
Ksenia Y. Volkova – Advisor to the Academic Director
Moscow
References
1. Shrai`berg Ia. L. Sovremenny`e tendentcii razvitiia tcifrovizatcii obshchestva: nauchnoobrazovatel`naia i bibliotechno-informatcionnaia sreda : monografiia. Moskva : INFRA-M, 2024. 663 s. DOI 10.12737/2155873.
2. Zor`kin V. Pravo i vy`zovy` iskusstvennogo intellekta : [lektciia] / Valerii` Zor`kin (predsedatel` Konstitutcionnogo suda Rossii`skoi` Federatcii) // Rossii`skaia gazeta : [internetportal]. 27.06.2024. URL: https://rg.ru/2024/06/27/pravo-i-vyzovy-iskusstvennogointellekta.html (data obrashcheniia: 11.12.2024).
3. Grazhdanskii` kodeks Rossii`skoi` Federatcii (chast` chetvertaia) ot 18.12.2006 № 230-FZ (red. ot 22.07.2024) (s izm. i dop. ot 29.06.2023) // Konsul`tantPlius : [sprav. pravovaia sistema]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/consdocLAW64629/e0c0d28fc67b7998751c3a7f98f6be9dfb789911/?ysclid=llt5n3d5je737337566 (data obrashcheniia: 11.12.2024).
4. Lektciia Valeriia Zor`kina «Pravo i vy`zovy` iskusstvennogo intellekta» // Assotciatciia iuristov Rossii : sai`t. 28 iiunia 2024. Razdel sai`ta «Novosti». https://alrf.ru/news/lektsiyavaleriya-zorkina-pravo-i-vyzovy-iskusstvennogo-intellekta/?ysclid=m4ij6cut55763872854 (data obrashcheniia: 11.12.2024).
5. Shrai`berg Ia. L. Iskusstvenny`i` intellekt: proshloe, nastoiashchee, budushchee – chto zhdyot nauchno-obrazovatel`noe i bibliotechno-informatcionnoe soobshchestvo : plenarny`i` doclad predsedatelia Orgkomiteta Dvadtcat` vos`moi` mezhdunarodnoi` konferentcii i vy`stavki «LIBCOM-2024». Moskva : GPNTB Rossii, 2024. 55, [1] s.: il.
6. Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services // China Law Translate : [collaborative translation project] : site. 2023.07.13. URL: https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/generative-ai-interim/ (Accessed: 11.12.2024).
7. EU AI Act: first regulation on artificial intelligence // European Parliament. Publ. 08.06.2023, last updated 18.06.2024. URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20230601STO93804/eu-ai-act-firstregulation-on-artificial-intelligence (Accessed: 11.12.2024).
8. Cho W. Artists Score Major Win in Copyright Case Against AI Art Generators / Winston Cho // The Hollywood Reporter Plus Icon Aug. 13, 2024. URL: https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/artists-score-major-wincopyright-case-against-ai-art-generators-1235973601/ (Accessed: 11.12.2024).
9. Akers T. US artists score victory in landmark AI copyright case / Torey Akers // The Art Newspaper. Aug. 15, 2024. URL: https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/08/15/us-artistsscore-victory-in-landmark-ai-copyright-case (Accessed: 11.12.2024).
10. Pope A. NYT v. OpenAI: The Times’s About-Face / Audrey Pope // Harvard Law Review. Apr. 10, 2024. URL: https://harvardlawreview.org/blog/2024/04/nyt-v-openai-the-timessabout-face/ (Accessed: 11.12.2024).
11. Volkova K. Iu. Kontceptcii dobrosovestnogo ispol`zovaniia (fair use) i chestnogo ispol`zovaniia (fair dealing) v zakonodatel`stve po avtorskomu pravu i ikh znachenie dlia bibliotek // Nauchny`e i tekhnicheskie biblioteki. 2021. № 10. S. 15–28. URL: https://doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2021-10-15-28 (data obrashcheniia: 11.12.2024).
12. Copyright registration guidance: works containing material generated by artificial intelligence : march 16, 2023 ; 16190 federal register. Vol. 88, no. 51 : rules and regulations, 37 cfr part 202 / Shira Perlmutter // United States Copyright Office : site. March 10, 2023. URL: https://www.copyright.gov/ai/aipolicyguidance.pdf (Accessed: 11.12.2024).
13. Generative AI tools and Copyright Considerations Last // the University of Toronto Libraries : site. Updated Aug. 8, 2024. URL: https://onesearch.library.utoronto.ca/copyright/generative-ai-tools-and-copyrightconsiderations (Accessed: 11.12.2024).
Review
For citations:
Shrayberg Y.L., Volkova K.Y. Copyright in respect of the works created through the generative artificial intelligence tools. Scientific and Technical Libraries. 2025;(2):115-130. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2025-2-115-130