Demonstrating ChatGPT possibilities for the libraries

The authors analyze the materials in librarianship generated with artificial intelligence (AI). They demonstrate that AI generates the texts very close to the common style and format of publications in the area. The goal of the article is to warn the users of the AI-generated works and possibly, to prevent violation of publishing ethics. The authors undertook comprehensive comparison to evaluate the quality and similarity of text materials, and application of the generated predictive text (GPT) technology in librarianship. The advantages and disadvantages of both approaches are revealed. The findings of the study are important to understand the AI capabilities and limitations in librarianship and to identify the contexts where the computerized systems are most efficient as compared to human authors. The ChatGPT is an excellent reference and complementary tool based on the accumulated samples. The materials created by ChatGPT are legally close to encyclopedic or dictionary entries, however, they have no actual author(s), i.e. these materials are independent creative works therefore they can hardly be protected by general copyright. The authors recommend to indicate the AIgenerated parts of works, argue that further development of juridical foundations for GPT materials is needed, and invite everyone to discussion.

The study is accomplished within the framework of the NRU HSE Fundamental Studies Program. 

1. Adebowale A. J. (2023). ChatGPT and Librarians for Reference Consultations, Internet Reference Services Quarterly. Routledge. Vol. 27, № 3. P. 131–147, Routledge, 10.1080/10875301.2023.2203681

2. Cox C., Tzoc E. (2023). ChatGPT: Implications for academic libraries. College & Research Libraries News, [S. l.]. Vol. 84, № 3, p. 99, mar. 2023. ISSN 2150-6698.

3. Frederick D. E. (2023). “ChatGPT: a viral data-driven disruption in the information environment”. Library Hi Tech News. Vol. 40, № 3, pp. 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN04-2023-0063

4. Houston A. B. and Corrado E. M. (2023). Embracing ChatGPT: Implications of Emergent Language Models for Academia and Libraries. Technical Services Quarterly. Vol. 40, № 2. P. 76–91, Routledge, 10.1080/07317131.2023.2187110

5. Hu C., Liu B., Li X., Ye Y. (2023). Unveiling the Potential of Knowledge-Prompted ChatGPT for Enhancing Drug Trafficking Detection on Social Media. Preprint submitted to Information and Management, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.03699

6. Kesselman M. A. (2023). “LHTN special issue on ChatGPT editor’s introduction -- Martin Kesselman”. Library Hi Tech News. Vol. 40 № 3, pp. 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-042023-139

7. Khademi A. (2023). Can ChatGPT and Bard Generate Aligned Assessment Items? A Reliability Analysis against Human Performance. Kaplan Higher Education Academy Pte Ltd, 6 (1) 10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.28

8. Kirtania D. K. (2023). OpenAI ChatGPT for Library and Information Science (LIS) Professionals Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4404903 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4404903

9. Lappalainen Y. and Narayanan N. (2023). Aisha: A Custom AI Library Chatbot Using the ChatGPT API. Journal of Web Librarianship, P. 1–22, Routledge, doi: 10.1080/19322909.2023.2221477

10. Lund B. D. and Wang T. (2023). “Chatting about ChatGPT: how may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries?” Library Hi Tech News. Vol. 40, № 3, pp. 26–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-01-2023-0009

11. Maddigan P. and Susnjak T. (2023). “Chat2VIS: Generating Data Visualizations via Natural Language Using ChatGPT, Codex and GPT-3 Large Language Models”. in IEEE Access. Vol. 11, pp. 45181–45193, 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3274199.

12. Mann D. et al. (2023). Artificial Intelligence Discusses the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Translational Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol Basic Trans Science, 8 (2). 221–223.

13. Mezei P. (2020). From Leonardo to the Next Rembrandt – The Need for AI-Pessimism in the Age of Algorithms. UFITA, 84 (2), p. 390–429. (https://doi.org/10.5771/2568-9185-2020-2-390), Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3592187 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3592187

14. Oyelude A. A. (2023). “Much ado about ChatGPT: libraries and librarians perspectives”. Library Hi Tech News. Vol. 40, № 3, pp. 15–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-03-20230050

15. Pierre-Robertson P. (2023). “#SuperLibrarian – the evolving role of librarians in technology spaces”. Digital Library Perspectives. Vol. ahead-of-print № ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/DLP-04-2023-0026

16. Shea A. ChatGPT: Making Law Librarians More Relevant Than Ever! URL: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/incorporating_chatgpt/schedule/fullschedule/3/

17. Shevnina M. How Artificial Intelligence technologies enable business model innovation. The case of EU start-ups. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10589/185908

18. Ventayen R. J. M. (2023). OpenAI ChatGPT Generated Results: Similarity Index of Artificial Intelligence-Based Contents. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4332664 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4332664

19. Zhang B. (2023). ChatGPT, an Opportunity to Understand More About Language Models. Medical Reference Services Quarterly. Vol. 42, № 2. P. 194–201, Routledge, doi: 10.1080/02763869.2023.2194149